Tuesday, June 26, 2012

digital cameras: optical and digital zoom


Cameras come with two types of zooms: optical and digital. 

Optical zoom is the zooming capacity [=the capacity to enlarge] of the lens. This is the real zoom. It is achieved by a lens combination. Expensive cameras mostly have lenses with high zoom range. Still more expensive cameras have one regular lens and a number of zoom lenses that can be fitted in place of the regular lens. The bulky cameras with very long hood as seen with sports and wildlife photographers have lenses with zooms of even 2000 times. However, the size and depth of the pocket camera poses a severe limitation on optical zoom. In most pocket cameras, zooms of 2 to 30-40 times are available.

For normal cameras used for general day-to-day photography and amateur travel photography, a zoom of around 3-4 times is good enough. In most cases, you end up using the camera without zoom.

Zoom should not be used without applying mind. When you use zoom, the lenses adjust themselves in a manner that a smaller portion of the scene is captured and is blown into a bigger size than normal. This leads to some distortion in the apparent distance between the distant and near objects [called ‘depth of field, to be discussed separately]. It also reduces the focus of the picture beyond the main object.  

Why is digital zoom not useful?

Digital zoom is nothing but artificial shortening of image taken by the camera sensor and then expanding it to a higher size. It is like cutting the sides of a photo print of 10” x 8” by 2” and then stretching the 8” x 6” photo back to 10” x 8”. So, this zoom spoils the photo rather than adding anything to it.

So don’t get fooled by ‘4x digital zoom ‘ or ‘12x total zoom’. In calculating this ‘total zoom’, manufacturers and sellers multiply the optical and digital zoom capacities of the camera.

Cellphone-cameras usually have digital zoom only. These cameras already suffer from a poor quality lens and other aspects; applying digital zoom tends to further spoil the quality of photos taken with such cameras.

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